feat(slam): add cartographer_ros

This commit is contained in:
X-lanni
2025-07-04 14:39:48 +08:00
parent df9cee5779
commit 5cf886315d
825 changed files with 92220 additions and 0 deletions
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/*
* Copyright 2018 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/autogenerate_ground_truth.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "cartographer/mapping/proto/trajectory.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/transform.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
namespace {
std::vector<double> ComputeCoveredDistance(
const mapping::proto::Trajectory& trajectory) {
std::vector<double> covered_distance;
covered_distance.push_back(0.);
CHECK_GT(trajectory.node_size(), 0)
<< "Trajectory does not contain any nodes.";
for (int i = 1; i < trajectory.node_size(); ++i) {
const auto last_pose = transform::ToRigid3(trajectory.node(i - 1).pose());
const auto this_pose = transform::ToRigid3(trajectory.node(i).pose());
covered_distance.push_back(
covered_distance.back() +
(last_pose.inverse() * this_pose).translation().norm());
}
return covered_distance;
}
// We pick the representative node in the middle of the submap.
//
// TODO(whess): Should we consider all nodes inserted into the submap and
// exclude, e.g. based on large relative linear or angular distance?
std::vector<int> ComputeSubmapRepresentativeNode(
const mapping::proto::PoseGraph& pose_graph) {
std::vector<int> submap_to_node_index;
for (const auto& constraint : pose_graph.constraint()) {
if (constraint.tag() !=
mapping::proto::PoseGraph::Constraint::INTRA_SUBMAP) {
continue;
}
CHECK_EQ(constraint.submap_id().trajectory_id(), 0);
CHECK_EQ(constraint.node_id().trajectory_id(), 0);
const int next_submap_index = static_cast<int>(submap_to_node_index.size());
const int submap_index = constraint.submap_id().submap_index();
if (submap_index <= next_submap_index) {
continue;
}
CHECK_EQ(submap_index, next_submap_index + 1);
submap_to_node_index.push_back(constraint.node_id().node_index());
}
return submap_to_node_index;
}
} // namespace
proto::GroundTruth GenerateGroundTruth(
const mapping::proto::PoseGraph& pose_graph,
const double min_covered_distance, const double outlier_threshold_meters,
const double outlier_threshold_radians) {
const mapping::proto::Trajectory& trajectory = pose_graph.trajectory(0);
const std::vector<double> covered_distance =
ComputeCoveredDistance(trajectory);
const std::vector<int> submap_to_node_index =
ComputeSubmapRepresentativeNode(pose_graph);
int num_outliers = 0;
proto::GroundTruth ground_truth;
for (const auto& constraint : pose_graph.constraint()) {
// We're only interested in loop closure constraints.
if (constraint.tag() ==
mapping::proto::PoseGraph::Constraint::INTRA_SUBMAP) {
continue;
}
// For some submaps at the very end, we have not chosen a representative
// node, but those should not be part of loop closure anyway.
CHECK_EQ(constraint.submap_id().trajectory_id(), 0);
CHECK_EQ(constraint.node_id().trajectory_id(), 0);
if (constraint.submap_id().submap_index() >=
static_cast<int>(submap_to_node_index.size())) {
continue;
}
const int matched_node = constraint.node_id().node_index();
const int representative_node =
submap_to_node_index.at(constraint.submap_id().submap_index());
// Covered distance between the two should not be too small.
double covered_distance_in_constraint =
std::abs(covered_distance.at(matched_node) -
covered_distance.at(representative_node));
if (covered_distance_in_constraint < min_covered_distance) {
continue;
}
// Compute the transform between the nodes according to the solution and
// the constraint.
const transform::Rigid3d solution_pose1 =
transform::ToRigid3(trajectory.node(representative_node).pose());
const transform::Rigid3d solution_pose2 =
transform::ToRigid3(trajectory.node(matched_node).pose());
const transform::Rigid3d solution =
solution_pose1.inverse() * solution_pose2;
const transform::Rigid3d submap_solution = transform::ToRigid3(
trajectory.submap(constraint.submap_id().submap_index()).pose());
const transform::Rigid3d submap_solution_to_node_solution =
solution_pose1.inverse() * submap_solution;
const transform::Rigid3d node_to_submap_constraint =
transform::ToRigid3(constraint.relative_pose());
const transform::Rigid3d expected =
submap_solution_to_node_solution * node_to_submap_constraint;
const transform::Rigid3d error = solution * expected.inverse();
if (error.translation().norm() > outlier_threshold_meters ||
transform::GetAngle(error) > outlier_threshold_radians) {
++num_outliers;
continue;
}
auto* const new_relation = ground_truth.add_relation();
new_relation->set_timestamp1(
trajectory.node(representative_node).timestamp());
new_relation->set_timestamp2(trajectory.node(matched_node).timestamp());
*new_relation->mutable_expected() = transform::ToProto(expected);
new_relation->set_covered_distance(covered_distance_in_constraint);
}
LOG(INFO) << "Generated " << ground_truth.relation_size()
<< " relations and ignored " << num_outliers << " outliers.";
return ground_truth;
}
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
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/*
* Copyright 2018 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#ifndef CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_AUTOGENERATE_GROUND_TRUTH_H_
#define CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_AUTOGENERATE_GROUND_TRUTH_H_
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/proto/relations.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/mapping/proto/pose_graph.pb.h"
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
// Generates GroundTruth proto from the given pose graph using the specified
// criteria parameters. See
// 'https://google-cartographer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/evaluation.html' for
// more details.
proto::GroundTruth GenerateGroundTruth(
const mapping::proto::PoseGraph& pose_graph, double min_covered_distance,
double outlier_threshold_meters, double outlier_threshold_radians);
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
#endif // CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_AUTOGENERATE_GROUND_TRUTH_H
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/*
* Copyright 2016 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "cartographer/common/port.h"
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/autogenerate_ground_truth.h"
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/proto/relations.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/io/proto_stream.h"
#include "cartographer/io/proto_stream_deserializer.h"
#include "cartographer/mapping/proto/pose_graph.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/transform.h"
#include "gflags/gflags.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
DEFINE_string(pose_graph_filename, "",
"Proto stream file containing the pose graph used to generate "
"ground truth data.");
DEFINE_string(output_filename, "", "File to write the ground truth proto to.");
DEFINE_double(min_covered_distance, 100.,
"Minimum covered distance in meters before a loop closure is "
"considered a candidate for autogenerated ground truth.");
DEFINE_double(outlier_threshold_meters, 0.15,
"Distance in meters beyond which constraints are considered "
"outliers.");
DEFINE_double(outlier_threshold_radians, 0.02,
"Distance in radians beyond which constraints are considered "
"outliers.");
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
namespace {
void Run(const std::string& pose_graph_filename,
const std::string& output_filename, const double min_covered_distance,
const double outlier_threshold_meters,
const double outlier_threshold_radians) {
LOG(INFO) << "Reading pose graph from '" << pose_graph_filename << "'...";
mapping::proto::PoseGraph pose_graph =
io::DeserializePoseGraphFromFile(pose_graph_filename);
LOG(INFO) << "Autogenerating ground truth relations...";
const proto::GroundTruth ground_truth =
GenerateGroundTruth(pose_graph, min_covered_distance,
outlier_threshold_meters, outlier_threshold_radians);
LOG(INFO) << "Writing " << ground_truth.relation_size() << " relations to '"
<< output_filename << "'.";
{
std::ofstream output_stream(output_filename,
std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::binary);
CHECK(ground_truth.SerializeToOstream(&output_stream))
<< "Could not serialize ground truth data.";
output_stream.close();
CHECK(output_stream) << "Could not write ground truth data.";
}
}
} // namespace
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
google::InitGoogleLogging(argv[0]);
FLAGS_logtostderr = true;
google::SetUsageMessage(
"\n\n"
"This program semi-automatically generates ground truth data from a\n"
"pose graph proto.\n"
"\n"
"The input should contain a single trajectory and should have been\n"
"manually assessed to be correctly loop closed. Small local distortions\n"
"are acceptable if they are tiny compared to the errors we want to\n"
"assess using the generated ground truth data.\n"
"\n"
"All loop closure constraints separated by long covered distance are\n"
"included in the output. Outliers are removed.\n");
google::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
if (FLAGS_pose_graph_filename.empty() || FLAGS_output_filename.empty()) {
google::ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(argv[0], "autogenerate_ground_truth");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
::cartographer::ground_truth::Run(
FLAGS_pose_graph_filename, FLAGS_output_filename,
FLAGS_min_covered_distance, FLAGS_outlier_threshold_meters,
FLAGS_outlier_threshold_radians);
}
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
/*
* Copyright 2016 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "cartographer/common/math.h"
#include "cartographer/common/port.h"
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/proto/relations.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/relations_text_file.h"
#include "cartographer/io/proto_stream.h"
#include "cartographer/io/proto_stream_deserializer.h"
#include "cartographer/mapping/proto/pose_graph.pb.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/rigid_transform.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/transform.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/transform_interpolation_buffer.h"
#include "gflags/gflags.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
DEFINE_string(
pose_graph_filename, "",
"Proto stream file containing the pose graph used to assess quality.");
DEFINE_string(relations_filename, "",
"Relations file containing the ground truth.");
DEFINE_bool(read_text_file_with_unix_timestamps, false,
"Enable support for the relations text files as in the paper. "
"Default is to read from a GroundTruth proto file.");
DEFINE_bool(write_relation_metrics, false,
"Enable exporting relation metrics as comma-separated values to "
"[pose_graph_filename].relation_metrics.csv");
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
namespace {
struct Error {
double translational_squared;
double rotational_squared;
};
// TODO(whess): This gives different results for the translational error if
// 'pose1' and 'pose2' are swapped and 'expected' is inverted. Consider a
// different way to compute translational error. Maybe just look at the
// absolute difference in translation norms of each relative transform as a
// lower bound of the translational error.
Error ComputeError(const transform::Rigid3d& pose1,
const transform::Rigid3d& pose2,
const transform::Rigid3d& expected) {
const transform::Rigid3d error =
(pose1.inverse() * pose2) * expected.inverse();
return Error{error.translation().squaredNorm(),
common::Pow2(transform::GetAngle(error))};
}
std::string MeanAndStdDevString(const std::vector<double>& values) {
CHECK_GE(values.size(), 2);
const double mean =
std::accumulate(values.begin(), values.end(), 0.) / values.size();
double sum_of_squared_differences = 0.;
for (const double value : values) {
sum_of_squared_differences += common::Pow2(value - mean);
}
const double standard_deviation =
std::sqrt(sum_of_squared_differences / (values.size() - 1));
std::ostringstream out;
out << std::fixed << std::setprecision(5) << mean << " +/- "
<< standard_deviation;
return std::string(out.str());
}
std::string StatisticsString(const std::vector<Error>& errors) {
std::vector<double> translational_errors;
std::vector<double> squared_translational_errors;
std::vector<double> rotational_errors_degrees;
std::vector<double> squared_rotational_errors_degrees;
for (const Error& error : errors) {
translational_errors.push_back(std::sqrt(error.translational_squared));
squared_translational_errors.push_back(error.translational_squared);
rotational_errors_degrees.push_back(
common::RadToDeg(std::sqrt(error.rotational_squared)));
squared_rotational_errors_degrees.push_back(
common::Pow2(rotational_errors_degrees.back()));
}
return "Abs translational error " +
MeanAndStdDevString(translational_errors) +
" m\n"
"Sqr translational error " +
MeanAndStdDevString(squared_translational_errors) +
" m^2\n"
"Abs rotational error " +
MeanAndStdDevString(rotational_errors_degrees) +
" deg\n"
"Sqr rotational error " +
MeanAndStdDevString(squared_rotational_errors_degrees) + " deg^2\n";
}
void WriteRelationMetricsToFile(const std::vector<Error>& errors,
const proto::GroundTruth& ground_truth,
const std::string& relation_metrics_filename) {
std::ofstream relation_errors_file;
std::string log_file_path;
LOG(INFO) << "Writing relation metrics to '" + relation_metrics_filename +
"'...";
relation_errors_file.open(relation_metrics_filename);
relation_errors_file
<< "translational_error,squared_translational_error,rotational_"
"errors_degree,squared_rotational_errors_degree,"
"expected_translation_x,expected_translation_y,expected_"
"translation_z,expected_rotation_w,expected_rotation_x,"
"expected_rotation_y,expected_rotation_z,covered_distance\n";
for (int relation_index = 0; relation_index < ground_truth.relation_size();
++relation_index) {
const Error& error = errors[relation_index];
const proto::Relation& relation = ground_truth.relation(relation_index);
double translational_error = std::sqrt(error.translational_squared);
double squared_translational_error = error.translational_squared;
double rotational_errors_degree =
common::RadToDeg(std::sqrt(error.rotational_squared));
double squared_rotational_errors_degree =
common::Pow2(rotational_errors_degree);
relation_errors_file << translational_error << ","
<< squared_translational_error << ","
<< rotational_errors_degree << ","
<< squared_rotational_errors_degree << ","
<< relation.expected().translation().x() << ","
<< relation.expected().translation().y() << ","
<< relation.expected().translation().z() << ","
<< relation.expected().rotation().w() << ","
<< relation.expected().rotation().x() << ","
<< relation.expected().rotation().y() << ","
<< relation.expected().rotation().z() << ","
<< relation.covered_distance() << "\n";
}
relation_errors_file.close();
}
transform::Rigid3d LookupTransform(
const transform::TransformInterpolationBuffer&
transform_interpolation_buffer,
const common::Time time) {
const common::Time earliest_time =
transform_interpolation_buffer.earliest_time();
if (transform_interpolation_buffer.Has(time)) {
return transform_interpolation_buffer.Lookup(time);
} else if (time < earliest_time) {
return transform_interpolation_buffer.Lookup(earliest_time);
}
return transform_interpolation_buffer.Lookup(
transform_interpolation_buffer.latest_time());
}
void Run(const std::string& pose_graph_filename,
const std::string& relations_filename,
const bool read_text_file_with_unix_timestamps,
const bool write_relation_metrics) {
LOG(INFO) << "Reading pose graph from '" << pose_graph_filename << "'...";
mapping::proto::PoseGraph pose_graph =
io::DeserializePoseGraphFromFile(pose_graph_filename);
const transform::TransformInterpolationBuffer transform_interpolation_buffer(
pose_graph.trajectory(0));
proto::GroundTruth ground_truth;
if (read_text_file_with_unix_timestamps) {
LOG(INFO) << "Reading relations from '" << relations_filename << "'...";
ground_truth = ReadRelationsTextFile(relations_filename);
} else {
LOG(INFO) << "Reading ground truth from '" << relations_filename << "'...";
std::ifstream ground_truth_stream(relations_filename.c_str(),
std::ios::binary);
CHECK(ground_truth.ParseFromIstream(&ground_truth_stream));
}
std::vector<Error> errors;
for (const auto& relation : ground_truth.relation()) {
const auto pose1 =
LookupTransform(transform_interpolation_buffer,
common::FromUniversal(relation.timestamp1()));
const auto pose2 =
LookupTransform(transform_interpolation_buffer,
common::FromUniversal(relation.timestamp2()));
const transform::Rigid3d expected =
transform::ToRigid3(relation.expected());
errors.push_back(ComputeError(pose1, pose2, expected));
}
const std::string relation_metrics_filename =
pose_graph_filename + ".relation_metrics.csv";
if (write_relation_metrics) {
WriteRelationMetricsToFile(errors, ground_truth, relation_metrics_filename);
}
LOG(INFO) << "Result:\n" << StatisticsString(errors);
}
} // namespace
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
google::InitGoogleLogging(argv[0]);
FLAGS_logtostderr = true;
google::SetUsageMessage(
"\n\n"
"This program computes the relation based metric described in:\n"
"R. Kuemmerle, B. Steder, C. Dornhege, M. Ruhnke, G. Grisetti,\n"
"C. Stachniss, and A. Kleiner, \"On measuring the accuracy of SLAM\n"
"algorithms,\" Autonomous Robots, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 387407, 2009.");
google::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
if (FLAGS_pose_graph_filename.empty() || FLAGS_relations_filename.empty()) {
google::ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(argv[0], "compute_relations_metrics");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
::cartographer::ground_truth::Run(
FLAGS_pose_graph_filename, FLAGS_relations_filename,
FLAGS_read_text_file_with_unix_timestamps, FLAGS_write_relation_metrics);
}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
// Copyright 2016 The Cartographer Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
syntax = "proto3";
package cartographer.ground_truth.proto;
import "cartographer/transform/proto/transform.proto";
message Relation {
int64 timestamp1 = 1;
int64 timestamp2 = 2;
// The 'expected' relative transform of the tracking frame from 'timestamp2'
// to 'timestamp1'.
transform.proto.Rigid3d expected = 3;
double covered_distance = 4;
}
message GroundTruth {
repeated Relation relation = 1;
}
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
/*
* Copyright 2016 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/relations_text_file.h"
#include <fstream>
#include "cartographer/common/time.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/rigid_transform.h"
#include "cartographer/transform/transform.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
namespace {
common::Time UnixToCommonTime(double unix_time) {
constexpr int64 kUtsTicksPerSecond = 10000000;
return common::FromUniversal(common::kUtsEpochOffsetFromUnixEpochInSeconds *
kUtsTicksPerSecond) +
common::FromSeconds(unix_time);
}
} // namespace
proto::GroundTruth ReadRelationsTextFile(
const std::string& relations_filename) {
proto::GroundTruth ground_truth;
std::ifstream relations_stream(relations_filename.c_str());
double unix_time_1, unix_time_2, x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw;
while (relations_stream >> unix_time_1 >> unix_time_2 >> x >> y >> z >>
roll >> pitch >> yaw) {
const common::Time common_time_1 = UnixToCommonTime(unix_time_1);
const common::Time common_time_2 = UnixToCommonTime(unix_time_2);
const transform::Rigid3d expected =
transform::Rigid3d(transform::Rigid3d::Vector(x, y, z),
transform::RollPitchYaw(roll, pitch, yaw));
auto* const new_relation = ground_truth.add_relation();
new_relation->set_timestamp1(common::ToUniversal(common_time_1));
new_relation->set_timestamp2(common::ToUniversal(common_time_2));
*new_relation->mutable_expected() = transform::ToProto(expected);
}
CHECK(relations_stream.eof());
return ground_truth;
}
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
/*
* Copyright 2016 The Cartographer Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#ifndef CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_RELATIONS_TEXT_FILE_H_
#define CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_RELATIONS_TEXT_FILE_H_
#include <string>
#include "cartographer/common/port.h"
#include "cartographer/ground_truth/proto/relations.pb.h"
namespace cartographer {
namespace ground_truth {
// Reads a text file and converts it to a GroundTruth proto. Each line contains:
// time1 time2 x y z roll pitch yaw
// using Unix epoch timestamps.
//
// This is the format used in the relations files provided for:
// R. Kuemmerle, B. Steder, C. Dornhege, M. Ruhnke, G. Grisetti, C. Stachniss,
// and A. Kleiner, "On measuring the accuracy of SLAM algorithms," Autonomous
// Robots, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 387407, 2009.
proto::GroundTruth ReadRelationsTextFile(const std::string& relations_filename);
} // namespace ground_truth
} // namespace cartographer
#endif // CARTOGRAPHER_GROUND_TRUTH_RELATIONS_TEXT_FILE_H_